Intrinsic Error
- An error inherent to the measurement process that produces a consistent, non-random bias.
- Common forms include observer bias and instrument error.
- Control methods include using multiple observers or instruments and standardized procedures.
Definition
Section titled “Definition”Intrinsic error, also known as systematic error, is a type of error inherent in the measurement process. It is not due to random factors but is consistently present in the measurement, producing a systematic bias in the data.
Explanation
Section titled “Explanation”Intrinsic error arises from factors that consistently skew measurements in one direction. Because it is not random, it can lead to persistently biased results and affect the validity of conclusions drawn from data. Addressing intrinsic error requires identifying and controlling its sources rather than relying on statistical averaging to cancel it out.
Examples
Section titled “Examples”Observer bias
Section titled “Observer bias”An individual taking a measurement may be influenced by preconceived notions or beliefs, producing inaccurate measurements. For instance, in a study on the effectiveness of a new medication, the observer may have a positive view of the medication and therefore may be more likely to record positive results, even if the medication is not actually effective. This observer bias can lead to inaccurate conclusions about the effectiveness of the medication.
Instrument error
Section titled “Instrument error”The measuring instrument itself may be flawed or not properly calibrated, producing inaccurate measurements. For instance, in a study on blood pressure, the blood pressure monitor may not be properly calibrated, resulting in consistently high or low readings. This instrument error can lead to inaccurate conclusions about the individual’s blood pressure and may lead to improper treatment decisions.
Notes or pitfalls
Section titled “Notes or pitfalls”- Intrinsic error can substantially affect the accuracy and reliability of research findings.
- Researchers should carefully consider and control potential sources of intrinsic error to ensure data validity.
- Suggested controls (as described in the source) include using multiple observers or instruments and employing standardized procedures to reduce observer bias.
Related terms
Section titled “Related terms”- Systematic error
- Observer bias
- Instrument error