Model

TL;DR

• Represents or simulates real-world systems to reveal structure and behavior.
• Can be quantitative (mathematical) or qualitative (conceptual).
• Used to gain insights and make predictions that support decisions across multiple fields.

Definition

A model is a representation or simulation of a real-world system or concept. It is often used to help understand complex phenomena and to make predictions about how the system will behave in different situations.

Explanation

Models serve as tools for representing systems at varying levels of detail:

• A mathematical model is a precise, quantitative representation that uses mathematical equations and algorithms to describe system behavior and make predictions. For example, a mathematical model of weather patterns might use equations to describe the flow of air, the effects of temperature and humidity, and the formation of clouds and precipitation. By inputting different values for these variables, the model can make predictions about the weather at a specific location on a specific day.
• A conceptual model is a qualitative, abstract representation that uses visual or verbal elements to depict relationships and interactions within a system without providing precise quantitative predictions. For example, a conceptual model of the water cycle might show the movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere, to clouds, to rain, and back to the ocean, and depict processes such as evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. This type of model helps understand general principles but does not provide detailed quantitative predictions about specific events.

Examples

Mathematical model (weather patterns)

A mathematical model of weather patterns might use equations to describe the flow of air, the effects of temperature and humidity, and the formation of clouds and precipitation. By inputting different values for these variables, the model can make predictions about the weather at a specific location on a specific day.

Conceptual model (water cycle)

A conceptual model of the water cycle might show the movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere, to clouds, to rain, and back to the ocean. It might also depict the various processes involved in this cycle, such as evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. This type of model helps us understand the general principles of the water cycle, but does not provide detailed, quantitative predictions about specific events.

Use cases

Models can be used in many different fields, including economics and finance, biology, and engineering, to understand complex systems and support decision making.

Related terms

• Mathematical model
• Conceptual model